| Glossary Home | |
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| L&D | Loss and Damage. |
| L/C | Document issued by a bank per instructions from a buyer of goods, authorizing the seller to draw a specified sum of money under specified terms. See LETTER OF CREDIT.
See Also Letter of Credit |
| LA | Letter of Authority. |
| Labor | Refers to contracted workers who perform services. See CRAFTSPERSON.
See Also Craftsperson |
| Labor Call | 1) Method of securing union employees. 2) Time specified for labor to report, (e.g. 8:00 a.m. call). 3) Minimum amount for which union labor must be paid. See CALL.
See Also Call |
| Labor Desk | Location in exhibit hall where exhibitors can order labor on-site. |
| Labor Form | Form used by exhibitors requesting labor at exhibition. Usually found in the EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
See Also Exhibitor Manual |
| Labor Policy | The principles established by a company to govern its dealings with its employees. |
| Labor Relations | Dealings between an employer and its employees or their representatives concerning matters of mutual interest. |
| Labor Union | Workforce organization requiting various rules to be followed by the employing facility advocating the well being of the workers. |
| Lag Bus | A coach which lingers at a destination to move group members who may have missed the scheduled vehicles. |
| Lagniappe | Creole term for giving something extra or unexpected. |
| Lahvosh | Cracker bread. |
| Lamination | The bonding under pressure of two or more materials to form a layer or sandwich of materials, e.g. plywood, plastic laminate. |
| Lamp | Light source for a projector. |
| Lamp Life | Estimated hours of a lamp’s (light bulb's) usefulness. |
| LAN | Local Area Network. A computer network limited to the immediate area, often the same building or floor of a building. |
| Lanai | Patio or balcony overlooking a garden or water. |
| Land Operator | A company that provides local services, transfers, sightseeing, guides, etc. See RECEPTIVE OPERATOR.
See Also Receptive Operator |
| Landscape | 1) Sign where width is larger than height; horizontal. 2) An area of ground that has been arranged for human use and enjoyment usually with plants and structure. |
| Langostino | Spanish for prawn (jumbo shrimp). |
| Langouste | French word for Spiny Lobster (giant crawfish). |
| Langoustine | French word for prawn (jumbo shrimp). |
| Lanyard | A cord or string worn around the neck, as in corded badges. |
| Large Group Patterns | Learning activities that require the participation of a large group of learners. |
| Laser Pointer | A compact instrument consisting of a visible light laser, used for pointing out features on a projected visual display. |
| Last Call | The final announcement to order bar beverages before bar service ends. |
| Last Name | Name by which all immediate family members are known. Women usually (but not always) adopt their husband’s surname upon marriage. Same as SURNAME, FAMILY NAME (preferred). Compare With GIVEN NAME.
See Also Family Name , Given Name |
| Late Registration | A booking that is received after the stated deadline, usually incurring a penalty fee. |
| Launch | The commencement of a new product or show into the market. |
| Lav | Short for Lavatory or Lavaliere Microphone.
See Also Lavatory , Microphone, Lavaliere |
| Lavatory | Sanitary convenience. Also Called TOILET, WATER CLOSET (WC). |
| Layout | Artist’s or designer’s indication of how a printed piece should look. |
| Layover | A city on an itinerary where a passenger deplanes and spends time before continuing. |
| Lazy Susan | Manually rotated tray on ball bearings. See TURNTABLE.
See Also Turntable |
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display. Display composed of mobile crystals in liquid suspension which align themselves and polarize light in response to a small electric charge. The crystals are manufactured in pockets within the display which correspond to areas of dark on light background. |
| LCD Projector | A self-contained unit with a LCD (liquid crystal display) panel, light source and lens that works with both PC and Mac computers and duplicates the image being shown on the monitor without any need for special software or complex setting up. See DATA PROJECTOR.
See Also Data Projector , LCD |
| LCL | Less Than Carload. |
| LDP | Last Day to Purchase a ticket against an existent reservation. |
| Lead | 1) According to the International Association of Convention & Visitors Bureaus, when an inquiry by a corporation/association/organization/independent event organizer that includes a request for a minimum of 10 sleeping rooms over a specific set/range of dates is forwarded by the CVB sales staff only to those hotels that meet the event organizer’s event criteria. A lead is more formalized than just exchanging/forwarding business cards to hotels. For convention center events, if the CVB sends a lead first to the convention center for date availability and then to the hotel(s) for room blocks as a matter of policy, this process should be counted as one (1) lead for reporting purposes. (rhymes with “seed”). 2) Potential customer. See SALES LEADS. 3) Amount of space between lines of type (rhymes with “dead”).
See Also Sales Leads |
| Lead Dispatcher | On-site person responsible for overall transportation success or management. |
| Lead Retrieval | The process whereby exhibitors receive a potential customer’s contact information in a standardized manner. A system for capturing and following-up on leads generated at an exhibition. |
| Lead Sheet | Sales leads (RFPs) generated through a convention & visitors bureau or sales organization and forwarded out to potential suppliers. See REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS. See Also CONVENTION & VISITORS BUREAU.
See Also Request for Proposals , Convention and Visitors Bureau |
| Lead Time | Time between when arrangements are made and when an event occurs, etc. |
| Lead Tracking | A manual or automated system used to conduct follow-up activities for sales prospects resulting from an event. |
| Leader | Utility tape added to beginning or end of audio tape or film. |
| Leadman | Employee who sets the pace for a group working on the same job or as a team. |
| Leakage | The unwanted pickup of stray sound from sources other than the intended source feeding a specific microphone channel. |
| Learning Environment | The physical, emotional, psychological, physiological and social factors surrounding the learning experience. |
| Learning Environment Specialist | LES. A designation offered by the Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA). |
| Lectern | A stand upon which a speaker may rest notes or books. May be “standing,” which rests on the floor, or “table-top” which is placed on a table. Often confused with PODIUM.
See Also Podium |
| Lecture | Informative and instructional speech. |
| LED | Light Emitting Diode. A solid-state diode rectifier whose atomic properties cause it to emit light when electric current is passed through it. Current LED technology allows the emission of light from infrared through green frequencies, and visible light LEDs are available in colors from deep red to green. |
| Leg | The part of a trip between two scheduled stops. |
| Legal Connection | Prescribed minimum time to leave one flight and board another. |
| Leisure Services | A service concerned with the organization of free or unoccupied time. |
| Leko | Type of adjustable spotlight used to light lecterns, signs and areas that need a tightly focused pool of light. See ELLIPSOIDAL SPOTLIGHT. See Also LECTERN.
See Also Ellipsoidal Spotlight , Lectern |
| Lenticular Screen | Screen finish with a characteristic silver-colored finish which has brighter reflective characteristics than a matte screen but with a wider viewing angle than a beaded screen. See SILVER LENTICULAR SCREEN.
See Also Silver Lenticular Screen |
| LES | Learning Environment Specialist. A designation offered by the Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA). |
| Less Than Truckload | LTL. Rates applicable when the quantity of freight is less than the volume of truckload minimum weight. |
| Lessee | A person or entity who has possession of real or personal property under a lease. A tenant of real property under a lease. |
| Lessor | Person or organization which conveys property under a lease. |
| Letraset | Trade name for self adhesive vinyl letter. |
| Letter of Agreement | Contract. Document outlining proposed services, space, or products which becomes binding upon signature by authorized representatives of both parties. It lists services, foods, beverages, and so forth. |
| Letter of Credit | L/C. A document issued by a bank per instructions from a buyer of goods, authorizing the seller to draw a specified sum of money under specified terms. See CONFIRMED LETTER OF CREDIT.
See Also Confirmed Letter of Credit |
| Level | Level of audio volume. The term level refers to the power magnitude in either electrical watt or acoustic watts but is often incorrectly used to denote voltage. See GAIN.
See Also Gain |
| LFR | Lowest Fare Routing. The least expensive airfare available to the destination. |
| Liability | Legal responsibility. An obligation to pay an amount in damages. In a non-legal context, something that is a negative factor. |
| Liability Clause | Part of a contract outlining conditions of liability. |
| Liability Disclaimer | Legal statement releasing the organization from responsibility for any arrangements made by attendees with services listed by the organization (e.g., child care). |
| Liability Insurance | An insurance policy that protects you in the event that there is bodily injury or property damage to other people. The liability can be because of negligence or a failure to live up to promises made under a contract. |
| Liability Law | System of laws designed to protect people from damages caused by a party behaving in a negligent manner and creating or being responsible for harm as the result of that behavior. |
| Liaison | A close collaboration for smooth coordination. |
| Liaison Interpreter | Person interpreting a conversation between two or more persons from one or more foreign languages into his mother tongue and vice-versa. |
| License | Written permission granted by an authority to engage in a specific action or business. |
| Licensing Agreement | A right or permission granted by the owner of a property (tangible or intangible) to engage in some business or occupation or engage in some transaction, which would be unlawful without such right, or permission. A business arrangement in which the manufacturer of a product (or a firm with proprietary rights over certain technology, trademarks, etc.) grants permission to some other group or individual to manufacture that product (or make use of that proprietary material) in return for specified royalties or other payment. Many convention center agreements are written as license agreements. |
| Lifelong Learning | An ongoing process in which an individual actively seeks to understand and contribute to change. |
| Lift | Number of airplane seats available on flights to a destination. |
| Lift Truck | Forklift. |
| Light Bar | A bar with a light that hangs behind a header. |
| Light Box | Enclosure with lighting and translucent face of plastic or glass. |
| Light Organ | Electronic device which allows sound waves to determine the color or intensity of lighting. An outmoded term and device from the 60’s; we now have audio sensitive controllers. |
| Light Table | Illuminated glass-covered table used for viewing and editing slides. |
| Lightface | Light type distinguished from medium or boldface. |
| Lighting | 1) Service offered by electrical contractor for illumination. 2) Booth/stand or hall illumination. 3) Existing light provided by the venue for functionality and safety. 4) Controlled application of the art of lighting to impact sales, achieve atmosphere and otherwise enhance the experience of the event. |
| Lighting Control Console | Desk-type housing, used to contain the controls required for adjusting production lighting. See MASTER CONTROL.
See Also Master Control |
| Lighting Director | Person who designs the lighting, directs placement of lighting equipment, and calls lighting cues on-site. |
| Lighting Grid | Structures used to support lights and electrical outlets. |
| Lighting Plot | A print showing the location and type of all lights used in a booth/stand. |
| Lighting Truss | A construction of tubular steel or aluminum alloy onto which lighting instruments are hung and which is in turn suspended above the stage or exhibit. |
| Likert Scaling | Common question format, which uses standardized response options. |
| Limited Consumption Bar | Host establishes the maximum dollar amount to be spent at an open bar. Bar is closed or converted to cash when limit is reached. |
| Limited Power of Attorney | Permits the customs broker to complete the customs document upon the return of your shipment to the country of origin. A Power of Attorney allows one person to act as agent for another. A Limited Power of Attorney grants the right to act in only limited circumstances. |
| Limiter | Audio amplifier whose output amplification rate of change is less than its input signal amplitude rate of change. While compressors are used to reduce the dynamic range of program signals either to make everything sound louder, or to automatically control sudden large changes in signal amplitude such as in the case of recording vocalists, limiters are used to prevent dynamic transient signal peaks from exceeding a pre-set amplitude. Limiters are usually required when broadcast signals are fed to telephone lines and are useful to prevent power amplifiers clipping and overdriving in large sound systems. Limiters sometimes include circuits that allow the user to adjust the time it takes to start reducing the signal amplitude (attack) to ease up on the compression (release), and also the input and output gain. |
| Line Level | Average (power) level at which a signal is output from devices like mixers, cassette decks and other devices which process sound. Technically, this corresponds to –30 dBM (one microwatt) to +30 dBM (one watt). |
| Line of Sight | Unobstructed line of vision from audience to stage. See SIGHTLINES.
See Also Sightlines |
| Line Switch | Electrical on/off switch used directly in wiring to control, by make or break, the flow of current. |
| Linear Display | Linear exhibits are generally 10’ deep. They are offered in 10’ or 15’ widths and can be combined to create an exhibit of almost any length. |
| Linen | Tablecloths and napkins. See NAPERY.
See Also Napery |
| Link | Using hypertext, a link is a selectable connection from one word, picture or information object to another. From a Web site, a link points to content. |
| Liqueur | Sweet alcoholic beverages made by infusing flavor from seeds, fruits, herbs, flowers, nuts or spices with a spirit, such as Brandy, Rum or Whiskey. Essential oils and extracts are used for flavor. Less expensive brands use artificial flavoring. Most liqueurs are made with secret formulas. Also called cordials, they are high in alcohol and range from 49 proof for Cherry Heering to 110 proof for green Chartreuse. The crème liqueurs, such as Creme de Menthe, are sweeter and more syrupy. Liqueurs were originally used as a digestive. They are usually served after dinner but are part of many cocktails. Liqueurs can also be used in cooking (e.g. desserts). Examples are: Absinthe, Amaretto, Anisette, Benedictine, Cointreau, Creme de Cacao, Creme de Cassis, Drambuie, Frangelico, Galliano, Grand Mariner, Irish Mist, Kahlua, Midori, Ouzo, Pernod, Sambuca, Sloe Gin, Southern Comfort, Tia Maria, Triple Sec. See CORDIAL.
See Also Cordial |
| Liqueur Cart | Rolling cart that includes a selection of cordials. Usually passed after dinner. |
| Liquid Crystal Display | LCD. Display composed of mobile crystals in liquid suspension which align themselves and polarize light in response to a small electric change. The crystals are manufactured in pockets within the display which correspond to areas of dark on light background. See LCD.
See Also LCD |
| Liquidity | The percentage of an enterprise's assets that can be quickly converted into cash. |
| Liquor | 1) A distilled, alcoholic beverage made from a fermented mash of various ingredients including grains or other plants. Examples: Bourbon, Gin, Vodka, Rum, Scotch and Tequila. Also called Spirits. 2) An oyster's natural juices are referred to as its liquor. 3) Pot liquor or pot likker refers to the liquid resulting from cooking meats or vegetables. |
| Liquor License | A U.S. state granted right to sell and/or serve alcoholic beverages. Liquor license requirements vary by jurisdictions. Always check local liquor laws. There are three basic types of licenses: 1) On-Sale: Liquor is sold and must be consumed on the premises (bar or banquet room). 2) Off-Sale: Liquor is sold unopened and must be consumed off the premises (liquor store). 3) Beer and Wine: not authorized to sell spirits. Liquor licenses are based on the physical premises. If you are holding an event at a venue without a liquor license, you must obtain a temporary permit. |
| List of Exhibitors | List of exhibiting firms, usually with location of their exhibit. May be arranged alphabetically, by category, or both and usually lists personnel who will be in attendance. |
| List of Participants | Register of delegates and accompanying persons attending an event. |
| Listing | A speaker grants the right to a speakers bureau to list the speaker as available. See BUREAU LISTING.
See Also Bureau Listing |
| Lit Rack | Literature Rack. Device used to hold literature or brochures. |
| Liter | Metric unit of measurement used to package spirits and wines. Equal to approximately one quart (33.8 ounces). Alternate spelling is Litre. |
| Literature Rack | Devices used to hold literature or brochures. Also Called LIT RACK. |
| Litre | Metric unit of measurement used to package spirits and wines. Equal to approximately one quart (33.8 ounces). Alternate spelling is Liter. |
| Load Chart | Chart showing the weight of shipments loaded in a trailer and the position in the vehicle of larger items, dangerous articles or special-attention shipments. |
| Load Factor | Average number of seats occupied. |
| Load In/Out | Scheduled times for crew to load and unload equipment. |
| Load Site | Location from which participants will board vehicles for transfers. |
| Loading Dock | Area on premises where goods are received. Usually a raised area that backloading trucks can back up to and offload freight easily. |
| Loadlock | A metal brace to secure partial loads within trailers and railway cars. |
| Lobby | 1) Public area which serves as an entrance or waiting area. 2) To engage in actions designed at influencing public officials toward a desired action. |
| Local | Organization of employees in one area or in one company or a group of companies, chartered by and affiliated with a national or international union. |
| Local Beer/Wine | Beer or wine produced or distributed locally. Often boutique wineries or microbreweries. |
| Local Committee | A group of people bringing specific expertise of the locality and facilities of a given area. |
| Local Event | An event, such as a graduation ceremony, local festival, etc., that draws its audience primarily from the local market. Typically 80% of attendees reside within a 50 mile (80 km) of radius of the event site. Local audiences typically do not require overnight accommodations. See Also NATIONAL EVENT, REGIONAL EVENT, & STATE/PROVINCE EVENT.
See Also National Event , Regional Event , State/Province Event |
| Local Fare | An airfare published by a carrier between two cities. |
| Local Host | A group of local people who carry out the strategies and policies established for the organization of an event held in their geographic area. See ORGANIZING COMMITTEE.
See Also Organizing Committee |
| Lockout | 1) Refusal by a facility to allow guests access to their guest rooms. 2) Labor action where employers refuse access to the facility by employees. |
| Lock-Up | Storage area which can be locked. |
| Logistics | Procurement, maintenance and transportation of materials. Involves all related functions and services. |
| Logo | Symbol, often trademarked, that identifies an organization or event. |
| Long Distance Dialing | The ability to place, and control billing for long distance telephone access, usually from an event room or show floor location. Directions on whether or not long distance dialing should be available from a specific location during an event should be indicated on function orders associated with that location and be included in the event’s specifications guide. See RESTRICTED DIALING.
See Also Restricted Dialing |
| Loop | Closed electric circuit. |
| Loop Fabric | Fabric to which Velcro® fastener fabric will adhere. |
| Loop Projector | Projector modified to run film that has been spliced into continuous loop. |
| Loose Jig | Removable support in shipping case. |
| Loss Leader | Item offered by a retailer at cost or less than cost to attract customers. Also referred to as a price leader. |
| Lost Opportunity | An event in the lead or tentative stage that is subsequently lost by a destination or facility. This does not include venue changes within a destination. According to the International Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus, the local CVB should track the number of estimated room nights, attendance and attendee spending and the reason associated with the lost opportunity. Sometimes called LOST BUSINESS. |
| Loudness | Sound volume as it is detected by the average human ear. Hearing is non-flat, and this non-flatness varies with changes in absolute SPL (Sound Pressure Level). |
| Loudspeaker | Audio speaker used to magnify sound in a function room or large area. |
| Lounge | 1) A public room (as in a hotel, club, or restaurant) where cocktails and other drinks are served. 2) A room or other area in an event venue designated as a place for attendees to rest and/or get refreshments. |
| Low Season | Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is lowest. Prices general decrease in low season. Also Called VALUE SEASON. Compare With HIGH SEASON.
See Also High Season |
| Low Voltage | Term applied to currents of 24 volts or less. Must be transformed from normal 110 volt input. Useful in animation, lighted model, etc. |
| Low-Balling | Giving a deceptively low price or estimate. |
| Lowboy | A type of truck that can be adapted for picking up loads at ground level. |
| Lower Case | Small letters, as distinguished from capital letters. Abbreviated lc. |
| Low-Key Lighting | Lighting in which picture intensity produces limited bright areas. |
| LTA | Lost Ticket Application. An application to request a refund on a lost airline ticket. There is often an additional charge for the application. |
| Lucite | Term defining plastic similar to Plexiglas, an acrylic plastic. |
| Lumiline | Slim, cylindrical, incandescent lamp; used as a substitute for fluorescent lamps where dimming is required. |
| Lunch | A light noonday meal, sometimes with speeches or presentations. Sometimes called Luncheon. |
| Luncheon | Lunch. A light noonday meal, sometimes with speeches or presentations. |
| Lyonnaise | Cooked with onions (e.g. Lyonnaise Potatoes). |
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